Discussion in our experiment, we chose to examine the relationship between wind speed, pitch, and efficiency of energy conversion. What happens if you use two steam turbines in series. Performance characteristics of a pelton turbine aim. Understand the energy transformations which occur in a wind turbine. Altering the pitch of the turbine blades, can optimise and regulate generated power for a given wind speed. It has a large wheel or runner that has buckets turbine blades that absorb the energy in the water. I declare that this thesis entitled the study on performance of the gas turbine for power generation is the results of my own research except as cited in the references. Observe the operation of a generator and learn how to power an led in this exciting experiment. A reference pelton turbine design and efficiency measurements view the table of contents for this issue, or go to the journal homepage for more 2014 iop conf. One is power producing machines which convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy like turbines and motors, the other is power consuming machines doing. In order to do so, we chose to measure wind speed and the resultant voltage of the turbine motor as we varied fan speeds and pitches. Discover how wind turbines work by building your own model. The experiment is instrumented as to allow the students to measure hydraulic pressure and flow, turbine.
The results from the experiment indicated that under the best working conditions the turgo turbine showed to be more than 80 percent efficiency with a speed ratio. View notes pelton from faculti pe 2403 at open university malaysia. Steam turbine experiment rankinecycler an educational, microelectric powergenerating station i. Turbine type of energy head discharge direction of flow specific name type speed pelton. An experiment on power properties in a smallscaled wind. Department of chemical engineering abstract the goal of this project was to develop an experiment that students could perform to learn about the 1st and 2nd law of thermodynamics by working to calculate the thermodynamic. Design of the experiment the efficiency of the turbine is obtained by measuring the available water power and the torque applied on the shaft of the turbine. Ingvar jung, 1979, the history of the marine turbine. Pdf optimisation and efficiency improvement of pelton hydro. The product of torque m t and the rotational speed of the turbine.
In the reaction turbine, some of the available energy in the. Experiment overview using the correct number of blades for a given wind condition is important in extracting the maximum electrical power from a wind turbine. Q v t r where q is the volumetric flow rate through the turbine and v t is the tangential flow velocity. To test the pelton turbine at different loads and spear valve settings and produce curves that show the turbine performance and the effect of different spear valve settings.
Steam turbine is the widely use as a prime mover in power plants, refineries, petrochemical plants, food processing plants, power plants etc. Water turbines are generally placed into two main categories reaction turbines and impulse turbines. Pdf mce 403 pelton turbine experiment sheet mert can. Experimental investigation on effect of head and bucket splitter angle on the power output of a pelton turbine. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Measurement systems individual variables available head, h pressure gage discharge through the turbine, q triangular weir temperature, t thermometer. Here test is conducted on francis turbine to know their deadon behavior under varying conditions in fluid mechanics and hydraulics machines laboratory. The tangential flow velocities at inlet and outlet are.
It was discovered in 188 0 by an american engineer lestera. Pelton turbine among different types of impulse turbines, pelton wheel is the only turbine beingused at present. The characteristic of pelton and turgo turbine performance. Impulse turbines are also simpler to construct using. In the new occupational upgrade, there is a new steam turbine power generator that is set up to make use of the large quantities of magma at.
I can identify the major components of a wind turbine. Feb 23, 2018 what happens if you use two steam turbines in series. Experiment 6 memorial university of newfoundland faculty of engineering and applied science fluid mechanics laboratory hydraulic turbine lab pelton wheel turbine objective the performance characteristics of a pelton wheel hydraulic turbine are to be determined. Object the purpose of this experiment is to study the constructional details and performance parameters of pelton turbine. Pdf optimisation and efficiency improvement of pelton. The actual experimental setup consists of a multistage centrifugal pump set turbine unit, sump tank, notch. Chaplin encyclopedia of life support systems eolss figure 4. Numerical and analytical assessment of a coupled rotating detonation engine and turbine experiment daniel e. The pelton wheel turbine is a tangential flow impulse turbine. The design of high efficiency crossflow hydro turbines. Another purpose of the lab is to check turbine scaling laws.
Introductory turbine math european union publication, laymans hydropower handbook,12 mb pdf selecting hydraulic reaction turbines, us. Turbine power this is the power absorbed by the turbine wheel, taken from water, 2 60 or. In the new occupational upgrade, there is a new steam turbine power generator that is set. To study and find volumetric efficiency of a reciprocating air. Experimental setup consists of pelton turbine, inlet pressure gauge, centrifugal pump. Archived from the original pdf on 28 september 2011. Objective the objective of this laboratory is to offer students handson experience with the operation of a functional steam turbine power plant. The requirements for this design were to include a system of sensors able to obtain data to perform a turbine cycle analysis using reasonable operational assumptions, in addition to providing safety measures adequate for a lab environment. I can explain why electricity generated from wind is a good source of energy. Summary of theory pelton wheel turbine is an impulse type of hydraulic turbine. Dry, then dew point air was passed through the turbine, to test for differences in behaviour. I can explain how wind is produced and what makes for a good wind energy site. Diameter of the turbine housing for vertical turbines.
Pelton turbine experiment purpose to determine the efficiency. In this experiment students gain an understanding of the choices between the numbers of blades that are necessary to. Reaction turbine blading and conditions figure 3 shows, at the top, the end view of four stages of fixed and moving blades of an. It is good for applications with high pressure head and low flow. University of texas at arlingtonmae 3183, measurements ii. Impulse turbine and reaction turbineprinciple, working and. University of texas at arlingtonmae 3183, measurements ii laboratory impulse turbine 111 motivation the purpose of this experiment is to revise the concepts of turbine cycle, its practical implementation, improve the general understanding of how to calculate work, power, efficiency and effectiveness for open boundary thermomechanical systems. Connect the spinning axle to a dc motor and measure the voltage produced across a resistor to measure power output. The francis turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine which was designed and developed by the american engineer james b. The turbine connects to the pumped supply of the hydraulic bench. The main purpose of this lab is to measure the power output of a pelton wheel turbine and to compare this to the theoretical power output. The total drop in pressure of the fluid takes place in stationary nozzles. Figure below shows the layout of a hydroelectric power plant in which the turbine is pelton wheel. The pelton turbine has spoonshaped buckets which harnesses the energy of falling water.
Performance characteristics output and efficiency variation with speed for different openings of the nozzle at a constant input head experimental setup. Dayton, oh, 45440 an analysis is presented of an experimental rig comprising a rotating detonation engine. Paxson nasa glenn research center, cleveland, ohio, 44 andrew naples innovative scientific solutions inc. Depending on their method of operation, water turbines are classified as impulse turbines or reaction turbines. Experimental investigation on effect of head and bucket. No experiment considered the internal flow characteristics and their effect on turbine efficiency. This turbine is used for high head and is named after the american engineer lester pelton. A water turbine is a rotary machine that converts kinetic energy and potential energy of water. The balances measure the turning force on the drum at the back of the turbine see figure 4. Optimisation and efficiency improvement of pelton hydro turbine using computational fluid dynamics and experimental testing thesis pdf available december 2015 with 2,379 reads how we measure. Affinity laws are derived by requiring similitude between the test model and the.
Example a pelton turbine develops 2000 kw under a head of 100 m and with an overall efficiency of 85%. Specifically, torque and power are to be presented as a function of turbine speed. Pelton wheel turbine theory the power output of the turbine is. An impulse turbine first converts the water head through a nozzle into a high velocity jet, which then strikes the buckets at one position as they pass by. The runner of the turbine is driven by the negative acceleration of the periphal. A comparison of real world operating characteristics. Windpitch wind turbine experiment how many blades are best. An experiment on power properties in a smallscaled wind turbine generator jeeho kim, hyundai yang, kyujin lee, sungdo song, sunghoon park, joongho shin.
Pdf a reference pelton turbine design and efficiency. Hydraulic energy is that which may be possessed by a fluid. Pelton turbine experiment principle turbines convert fluid energy. In this article, we see about the impulse turbine and reaction turbine principle, working and difference. The wind turbine pitch control system changes the incidence of rotor blades in a wind turbine. Notes 120506 doug houser the iihr pelton turbine experiment demonstrates to the students a complete hydroelectric power system, from generation to consumer usage.
The energy available at the turbine is only kinetic energy. Major qualifying project report submitted to the faculty of. Mechanical engineering department, nnamdi azikiwe university, awka, nigeria. The pelton turbine used in this experiment is an impulse turbine. Wind turbine blade pitch positioning is the primary method currently used for this control. To find calorific value of a sample of fuel using bomb calorimeter. Numerical and analytical assessment of a coupled rotating. Observe the operation of a polarized electronic device. An exploration of wind energy and wind turbines subject. The thesis has not been accepted for any degree and is not concurrently submitted candidature of any degree. Shree ramchandra college of engineering, lonikand experiment no.
The water strikes the bucket along the tangent of the runner. The hydraulic turbines can be classified based on type of energy at the inlet, direction of flow through the vanes, head available at the inlet, discharge through the vanes and specific speed. General information the pelton turbine is a hydraulic impulse turbine, in which one or more water jets hit buckets on a wheel. Torque t this is the torque measured by the two spring balances. Abstract try different wind turbine propeller chord length, pitch designs by making models from balsa wood. The francis turbine is a laboratoryscale reaction turbine for use with tecquipments digital hydraulic bench h1f, available separately. The pelton wheel is an impulse turbine with tangential flow the water hits its wheel at a tangent.
In situations found in very mountainous places where very high values of head ft or more are available, another type of turbine called the impulse turbine becomes practical figure 3. The turbine has a sturdy base which sits on the top of the hydraulic bench. It operates under v ery high heads upto 1800 m and requires comparatively lesser quantity of water. Nov 07, 2014 theoretical knowledge pertaining to the experiment the efficiency of the turbine is defined as the ratio between the power developed by the turbine to the available water power. It may be in the form of kinetic, pressure, potential, strain or thermal energy.
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